Winter is around the corner and it’s time to prepare for it. Just as we layer ourselves with gloves, socks, and thermals to combat the cold, our ebikes demand similar attention and care. In this light, our focus turns to one of the most crucial components of your ebike – the battery.
This article explains the internal of ebike batteries, how the cold affects them, and what can be done to enjoy uninterrupted bike rides in winter.
Understanding Ebike Batteries: How Cold Effects them
Most modern ebikes are equipped with Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, popular for their efficiency and longevity. These batteries have an anode, cathode, and electrolyte, which work together for storage and supply of steady current. Normally, under room temperature, the battery works efficiently.
But as the temperature drops, multiple changes occur. Some key changes that happen inside the battery are:
Increased Viscosity of Electrolytes: As temperatures drop, the electrolyte within the battery becomes more viscous. This increased viscosity hinders the movement of lithium ions between the anode and cathode. Essentially, the battery has to work harder to perform its basic function, which reduces efficiency.
Diminished Charge Retention at Extreme Cold: When temperatures fall to the range of -10°C to -20°C, the ability of the battery to retain charge can diminish by up to 50%. This drastic reduction occurs because the slowed movement of ions makes it more difficult for the battery to maintain its internal chemical balance. This imbalance can lead to incomplete charging cycles and reduced overall capacity.
Reduced Chemical Reaction Rates: The chemical reactions that generate electrical power in the battery slow down in cold weather. This reduction means that the battery can't generate as much power as it could at higher temperatures, which again leads to decreased performance.
Risk of Lithium Plating: When charging at very low temperatures, there's a risk of lithium plating on the anode. This usually happens when lithium ions fail to intercalate (insert) properly into the anode and instead form metallic lithium on its surface. This process irreversibly damages the battery and reduces its capacity and lifespan.
8 Battery Storage and Care Tips for an Uninterrupted Ride
As we've seen, cold weather can pose significant challenges to the health and efficiency of ebike batteries. But there’s no need to worry – with these care and maintenance tips, you can effectively mitigate the issues:
Keep Battery indoors
Ebike’s frame and other mechanical components are built to endure various temperatures, but batteries are more sensitive. You need to store them indoors at a stable temperature, preferably between 20 to 22 degrees Celsius. If storing the bike inside isn’t feasible, at least remove and store the battery indoors.
And remember, a plastic shed in your yard doesn't count as ‘indoors’—it should be a temperature-controlled environment like your home.
Don’t let it get wet
Always keep the battery away from moisture and water. Water freezes quickly in cold conditions, and the last thing you need is for your battery to turn into an ice pack. Store it in a dry place and make sure it is not exposed to snow or rain.
Periodically Get it charged
Maintain your battery's charge, even when you're not using it regularly. Ideally, charge the battery as soon as it drops to about 80% of its capacity, and don’t let it fall below 20%. This practice can help extend the overall lifespan of the battery.
Charge the Battery Indoors
As we mentioned, charging outdoors in extreme cold can be detrimental to the battery’s health. You need to charge it in a well-insulated controlled environment.
Use Pedal Assistance Wisely
When you hit the road, start pedaling quicker and utilize higher pedal assistance levels. This technique engages the battery more actively, which in turn generates internal heat, improving the battery's efficiency in cold weather.
Additionally, snowy and slippery roads often demand more power and better traction, which can be achieved through higher pedal assistance levels.
Lubricate the chain properly
For the battery to work properly, you’ve to ease its neighborhood components, for instance, make things easier for the power transmission element, chain.
Clean the chain with a dry cloth to remove any dirt or grime. Then, apply a suitable chain oil to ensure smooth movement. A well-lubricated chain reduces friction, thus requiring less power from the battery to move the bike.
Check Your Tire Pressure
Proper tire pressure is necessary for optimizing the range and efficiency of your e-bike's battery. When cycling on hard, paved surfaces, having too little air in the tires can increase friction and slow you down. This leads to higher battery consumption of already weak batteries.
On the other hand, when you’re off-roading or e-mountain biking, lower tire pressure is often beneficial as it allows for better traction and efficient power transfer from the drive to the ground. The optimum tire pressure is usually marked on the ebike’s tires. Check that or consult the bike’s user manual.
Keep Bike Light
In winter, the ebike battery is already under extra strain due to the cold. Adding to this, the total weight of the bike and rider, the battery’s range significantly drops. So, you need to carefully consider what you’re carrying on your trip. Before setting off, reevaluate the contents of your backpack or bag. Leave behind any heavy items that aren't essential for your journey.
Conclusion
Bike care extends beyond just the battery; it involves considering all elements that interact with and affect battery performance, like pedal assistance usage and tire pressure. Adopting these practices maximizes your ebike's potential. It ensures that each ride is both enjoyable and efficient, no matter the weather.